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EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft

Abstract

Section

The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring a top-notch result. As a matter of fact, professional resume writers commonly write a rough draft, and make multiple versions of such to be sure that the best possible level of quality would be attained. Basically, making your own rough draft is not necessarily difficult, but of course, it requires some amount of time.

In writing a college essay for example, the rough draft would enable you to determine the parts of the paper that should be improved upon. In this sense, the rough draft would also allow you to determine the parts of the paper that need to be removed. Also, writing with the rough draft would also give you the chance to know the aspects of the topic that you may have left out. Given such advantages, why do most students write without thinking about making a rough draft?

Well, the answer to such would be the lack of time that a student often allocates to accomplishing written tasks. In fact, they are more interested in getting homework help for more technical requirements other than writing. Thus, instead of submitting a final paper that emphasizes the amount of effort placed unto it, the paper submitted would be just like a rough draft. If you're having problems with writing an excellent paper, getting help offered by essay writing services would be quite a good choice to improve your work.


-- JinMartt - 16 Jun 2010

File Access Rights on Unix and Linux

One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set-up the file access rights in Linux/Unix.

This small topic answers this question by giving you the exact shell commands that set the access rights correctly for your entire TWiki directory tree.

This topic is valid for TWiki Release 4.0.X

The script below does 2 things

  • It changes the owner of the entire directory tree to the user that apache is run as. Apache is normally started as root and then forks out several child processes that do all the work. These child processes run as a user with very few privileges on the system. The name of the user is given by the directives User and Group in httpd.conf. Various distributions have their own ideas what this user should be. In Redhat/Fedora/Centos the user name is apache and the group is also apache. Other distributions use nobody or wwwdata.
  • It changes the access rights to all the files in the twiki tree to the same as it is shipped in the tgz. When you upgrade using the TWiki-VERSION-changed.zip you run into the problem that zip files contain no user rights so the default right are used. The script below takes care of this.

In the script below I assume your TWiki tree is /var/www/twiki and the apache user/group is apache.

First we move to the right directory and change ownership

cd /var/www
chown -R apache:apache twiki
cd twiki

Make sure your current working directory is the bottom of the twiki tree. The next step changes the access rights. You can copy one line at a time or copy the entire next block of text and paste it to a command line. The script prints everything it does so expect to see a lot of output. If you do not want that remove all the -v.

find . -type d -print -exec chmod -v 755 {} \;
find data -name '*.txt' -type f -exec chmod -v 660 {} \;
find data pub -name '*,v' -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find lib -name '*.pm' -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find locale -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find pub -type f -exec chmod -v 660 {} \;
find pub/TWiki/WysiwygPlugin/_kupu -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find bin -type f -exec chmod -v 550 {} \;
find bin/logos -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find templates -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find tools -type f -exec chmod -v 550 {} \;
chmod -v 660 lib/LocalSite.cfg
chmod -v 660 data/.htpasswd
chmod -v 660 data/mime.types
chmod -v 440 bin/LocalLib.cfg.txt
chmod -v 440 bin/.htaccess.txt
chmod -v 440 pub/_work_areas/.htaccess
chmod -v 440 pub/_work_areas/README 
chmod -v 440 AUTHORS COPYING COPYRIGHT index.html INSTALL.html LICENSE pub-htaccess.txt readme.txt robots.txt root-htaccess.txt subdir-htaccess.txt TWikiHistory.html twiki_httpd_conf.txt TWikiReleaseNotes04x00.html 
chmod -v 550 UpgradeTwiki

Additional resources:

Configuring Unix / Linux File and Directory Access Rights-Using chmod to Alter or Modify File and Directory Permissions - Good resource for those who are looking for solutions on configuring Unix and Linux.

UNIX Tutorial for Beginners - a comprehensive online resource for beginners and useful for those who are writing about it on term papers or custom research papers.

-- GuenterHof - 22 Aug 2006

Avatars in Real Life
Placename homonymy in Iran

Vlad Atanasiu
ude.tim.mula‍@‍uisanata
http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/
March 2010

If somebody would like to hide something precious in Iran, a good choice would be the town of Hoseynabad. There are indeed over 380 Hoseynabad, which would confuse for a long time any search party. (Hoseyn is a common personal name and reference to an important martyr in the Shi'a religion; -abad / abode, dwelling, city is the usual suffix for constructing a placename in Iran.)

Intelligence and military applications are not the only ones benefiting from knowledge on placename homonymy. This universal georeferencing issue provides also excellent material to teach cultural geography, its study bundling together Humanities disciplines like linguistics, history and sociology, with the Science areas of geographical information systems, visualization and computational knowledge modeling. Some of these topics will be presented in the following preliminary sketch of an ongoing research.


  1. Density
  2. World phenomenon
  3. Distance
  4. Name length
  5. Ranking and semantics
  6. Issues
  7. Software
  8. What next
  9. Acknowledgements
  10. References
  11. Artwork

Density

Method - To study the density of homonymous populated places (HPPL) in Iran relative to the overall density of populated places (PPL), placenames and their coordinates where obtained from the Geonames website, two subsets constructed, one for the PPL (gray markers, Figure 1), the other for the HPPL (red markers). The datasets were processed in ArcGIS? with Kernel Density, Spatial Analyst toolbox, to generate spatially continuous data (Figure 2-top-left & 2-top-right give the PPL and HPPL, respectively), the values in each point of the resulting maps being then divided, to get the ratio of HPPL in PPL (Figure 2-bottom). This ensures that HPPL density can be analyzed with much less dependency on PPL density, subduing the impact of natural features such as deserts and mountains and human factors like suburban dense settlements. For reference the provicial capitals are displayed in Figure 2.


Populated places in Iran and the homonyms among them.

Figure 1 - Populated places of Iran.

Density of homonymous populated places in Iran.

Figure 2 - Density of homonymous settlements in Iran.

Interpretation - By looking at the HPPL areas with low density (dark blue) we observe that they correlate with linguistic minorities: Turkmene, Gilani and Azeri on the Caspian shores, Kurdish and, farther South, Arabic at the border with Iraq and Baluchi on the Pakistani frontier. High density HPPL (dark brown) areas concentrate on the Iranian highland around urban centers (black markers), where Persian is the majority language and culture.

Persian representing also the high culture and language since Antiquity in this region of the world, it had an impact on the toponymy of other cultures of Iran, by lexical imposition and hybridization. Imposition (e.g. placenames derived from names of rulers, like the Banadr-e Pahlavi in Gilani territory named after the Pahlavi dynasty - and changed to Bandar-e Anazali after the 1979 Revolution) reduce the number of placenames available for naming in a minority language, while hybridization creates unique names, lowering the chances to be reproduced elsewhere. The HPPL density map reveals itself as a special visualization of the power centers and backwaters of Iran.

The hypothesis of hybridized cultures can be tested by expanding the study of HPPL to other countries.

World phenomenon

The HPPL density of France exhibits low values in minority languages and dialects areas: Alsace under German influence, Dunkirk region of Flemish heritage, Brittany, the Basque country and Corsica, and a bit of Romance "Langues d'Oc" neighbouring Spanish Catalonia (Figure 3). Soultzbach-les-Bains is a nice example of a hybrid toponym, of mixed French-German linguistic origins.

The phenomenon repeats itself in Austria, where most of the boundary regions have low densities, that is those in contact with Slave, Hungarian and Italian cultures. Paznaun is another nice Romance derivative and also an excellent ski area in Tirol.

The multi-ethnic heritage of Transylvania and Banat - Romanian, German, Hungarian, Székely, Serbian... - translates into a Romanian HPPL landscape still largely following the borders between these former Austro-Hungarian territories and Wallachia and Moldavia.

In Turkey the Sanjak of Alexandrette, from 1921 to 1939 an autonomous territory and later republic, and the Eastern Kurdish regions, stand out as low-percentage HPPL areas.

The case of Great Britain is interesting insofar the low densities in the Celtic ares (Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and Cornwall) are not so much a consequence of English dominance, than one due to the structure of the languages and the way in which toponyms are constructed in those cultures. Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is visibly too long for the same combination of letters to occur somewhere else on this planet (it means, in Welsh, "St Mary's Church in a hollow of white hazel near the swirling whirlpool of the church of St Tysilio with a red cave").

Finally, in Japan, like in the rest of the world, the lowest HPPL densities are still those of hybridised cultures: the non-Japanese Ainu realm of the Northern Hokkaido island.



Density of homonymous populated places in France, Austria, Romania, Turkey, Great Britain, Japan.

Figure 3 - Settlements homonymy in various countries.

Politics - It is noteworthy to consider where the low densities appear. Mostly they are at the periphery of the countries examined, a direct result of the radial spatial decay in dominance around power centers, as well as the progressive fashion in which dominance was established in time. Japan and Great Britain are outstanding examples in this matter (Hokkaido was integrated into Imperial Japan as late as the 19th century).

The "dot power", where dominance is concentrated around one region, is however not the only possible type, as shown by Iran. Here, the "hop power" is at work: there are multiple centers distributed around the country from where power is exerted, a likely result of power fragmentation in former times, frequent change of capital cities and the importance of urban settlements. Thus, HPPL density maps are also mirrors revealing the functioning modes of power structures in various countries.

Open questions - The first set of questions to ask when interpreting the these maps is methodological. Are there any "natural reasons" to some characteristics (like the conspicious knolling)? How is the computational method affect the outcome? Then there are questions about the HPPL phenomenon itself. How are local strong peaks and drops in density to be explained? Some regional trends are at first glance startling: why are the vast fields of Picardy and the gullies of Cappadocia low in HPPL, while Savoy and Bursa so high?

Visualization can provide some answers. For example, it is not possible to know from the present map if an extrema is due to a local agglomeration of the same placename near one another, or, due to many different closely located placenames with thier respective homonyms located far away. Depending on which option applies one concludes that in the given country local fashions are stronger than national ones, or vice versa. Or that a given population is prone to much HPPL generating or, on the contrary, avoids it.

Distance

The distances separating all pairs of HPPL is shown in Figure 4. The histograms differ from what would be expected from a homogenous distribution (Figure 5).

Country size and linguistic homogeneity are two factors immediately identifiable: Switzerland has much more local homonyms because it is much smaller than Iran and the four linguistic regions (French, German, Italian, Romansh) are more homogenous than the liguistic geography of Iran. Yet there is a supplementary factor possibly shaping the diagrams. In some countries old placenames might have survived much longer than in others, so that the linguistic chronological sediments decrease the quantity of HPPL. Such toponyms pockmark the web of HPPL and thus boost the number of long-distance HPPL.

Presently this study looked at the spatial toponymic diversity, but regions with low spatial diversity could turn out to be highly diverse in the temporal dimension, if one considers the rate of toponymic change.



Distance between pairs of homonyms in various countries.

Figure 4 - Distance between pairs of homonyms.

Distances between pairs of locations in an ideal case: a homogeanous circular distribution.

Figure 5 - Distances between pairs of locations in a ideal case.

Name length

Not surprisingly, HPPL with many characters per word are less frequent than shorter placenames (Figure 6). Most frequent homonyms tend to be two to four syllabes long. More interesting is the maximum length of placenames, which varies considerably across countries, depending on the specific roles played by toponyms. In Iran settelments often are transformed into multiple embodiments in landscape of otherwordly powers (five Shahrak-e Vali-ye 'Asr: Mahdiville), revolutionnary powers (eight Shahrak-e Emam Khomeyni: Imam Khomeyni City) and all sorts of other individuals (380+ shorter name Hoseynabad, two longer Kalateh-ye Mohammad Hoseyn Khan: Markettown of Mohammad Hoseyn Khan).

It would be tempting to call the Japanese HPPL haikus (maximum length 12 charcters) and the toponyms of Great Britain sagas (58 letters). Yet deeper issues might be at work, like the navigational role played by toponyms or a holistic concept about what a place is, as part of a complex environment as opposed to a disconnected entity with arbitrary name.

Colorcoded histograms of HPPL word length.

Figure 6 - Word length of HPPL placenames.

Ranking

The percentage of HPPL at country level exhibits a wide variability bracket, from 15% in Great Britain to 53% in Turkey. To the linguistic factor mentioned before, one can add conceptual differences in how people think a settlement should be named.

The most frequent Iranian PPL are constructed around personal names, many with a dual secular and religious symbolism; Austrian PPL around natural features such as wood, mountain, valley; and British PPL around spatial referents like middle, north, up. The religious factor and the weight of social leaders seems paramount for Iranian toponymy. A consistently far more rugged terrain than Iran, covered by dense woods, has made peasants life in Austria a constant struggle with nature. Naming a place Mountain-village or Valley-village has a considerable impact on the resources involved to reach it, for which reason it is far more informative than naming it after the mayor. Saints are sometimes stronger than mayors and mountains, and - like in Iran - religious toponymy is present in Austria, side-by-side the one inspired by the natural environment.

Country HPPL
Turkey 53 %    statistics bar
Romania 37 %    statistics bar
Japan 34 %    statistics bar
Iran 32 %    statistics bar
Austria 30 %    statistics bar
France 19 %    statistics bar
Great Britain     15 %    statistics bar
Switzerland 11 %    statistics bar

Figure 7 - Percentage of HPPL in regard to all PPL in various coutries. (Follow the links for complete lists of homonyms.)

Issues

A number of data-related issues have been identified to influence the interpretations. At this stage of the study they were only partially addressed.

Data quality

  • data coverage is not uniform across countries and within country regions
  • coordinates precision varies (part of Korea coordinates are rounded to xx.xx333 or xx.xx666)
  • mistypes ('oseynabad < Hoseyabad)
  • transliteration of non-Roman-based scripts is inconsistent ('Aliabad and ‘Aliabad differ in straight and curly quotation mark used to render the 'ain Arabic letter)

Data extent

  • spelling variation
  • orthography variation
  • definition of PPL in Geonames

Data segmentation

  • spatial segmentation according to present day boundaries doesn't fit with various applications, like analyzing cross-country migration through toponymy or for historical studies
  • semantic families can provide different views on homonymy, for example by classifying all Iranian HPPL derived from personal names and those derived from natural features in two super-classes

Conclusion

This work studied the diversity of names of populated places through their written forms. It has shown that numerous factors, of various natures, influence the phenomenon. There is high cultural variability, as well as some universals.

A fundamental finding is that the homonymity of populated places provides a indicator of cultural diversity, the number of homonyms being inversely proportional to cultural diversity.

Software

Desktop - Semantic processing of placenames, statistics and some geographical analysis and mapping is done in Kanga*, a custom software written in Matlab.

* Kanga is a reference to a common confusion made by English-speakers between the country toponyms Austria and Australia. This lead to a profusion of gift-shops in Vienna selling T-shirts with an Australian "kangaroo crossing" road sign and "No Kangaroos in Austria" printed below. The geographical homonyms analysis software was developped in Vienna.



Screenshot of the Kanaga software for geographical homonymy analysis.

Figure 8 - Screenshot of the Kanaga software for geographical homonymy analysis.

Online - Figure 9 is an interactive map of HPPL in Iran classified by administrative units. Such a map is very simple to generate. Append the URL of the dataset (http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/studies/homonyms/ir.jsonp) to that of the webservice (http://www.waqwaq.info/ws/main/main.html) into a single GIS URL (http://www.waqwaq.info/ws/main/main.html?url=http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/studies/homonyms/ir.jsonp). Read more at Waqwaq GIS.



Figure 9 - Interactive map of HPPL of Iran, generated with Waqwaq GIS. Note that admin unit ids and their centroids (computed as a mean of all coordinates beloning to the same admin unit) are as provided on Geonames.

What next

The author of this research is seeking funding to pursue the research on placenames homonymity. Offers are welcome. Please write to Vlad Atanasiu, ude&#x002e;tim&#x002e;mula‍&#x0040;‍uisanata.

Acknowledgements

This preliminary study was made possible through a contract in 2009 with the Commission for Scientific Visualization and the Institute of Lexicography of Austrian Dialects and Names, at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna.

References

  1. Douglas R. Caldwell and James A. Shine, An Analysis of Toponymic Homonyms in Gazetteers: Country-Level Duplicate Names in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency’s Geographic Names Data Base, Coordinates A: 6.
  2. Richard R. Randall, Place Names: How They Define the World - And More (Boston: The Scarecrow Press, 2001).
  3. Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy: The Lore, Laws and Language of Geographical Names (New York: Vantage Press, 2000).

Artwork

This scientific study has inspired the author to create a couple of cartographic art objects. The photo below shows their practical side: the density maps can also be used as beer plates, while the 3D geohomonyms landscape of Austria - here in the process of being engraved by laser - looks nice as a paper weight on the desk of your boss.



Artwork: geohomonyms map as beer plate.

Figure 10 - Geohomonyms maps as beer plates.

A laser engraving a 3D homonymy map of Austria.

Figure 11 - Engraving by laser of the 3D homonymy landscape of Austria.




-- VladAtanasiu - 27 Mar 2010

Introduction to Linux

Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems. The name originally came from Linux Kernel and was written by Linus Torvalds ( see the connection?). As there are numerous developments and news about Linux, it is ideal to have a good grip of what's the latest and here are a couple of studies about Linux in the form of theses. A thesis about Linux is ideal for those who want to get ahead of the game.

1. High speed data collection with Blackfin DSP

Abstract

This covers a master thesis about embedded systems, with the aim to probe the high speed data collection capabilities with a Blackfin DSP. This covers basic theory about sampling and noise is covered briefly from a practical point of view. The theory is intended to be useful for those diving into a ADC datasheet for the first time.

2. Investigating and Implementing a DNS Administration System

Abstract

NinetechGruppen? AB is an IT service providing company with about 30 employees, primarily based in Karlstad, Sweden. The company began to have problems with their DNS administration because the number of administrated domains had grown too large.

Additional resources

Linux forums

Linux articles

thesis


-- MillieWells - 20 Mar 2009

SOME EXAMPLES OF THE PLUGIN
Font size test

Heading 1

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 5

Heading 6

Paragraph

-- Main.cb - 27 Jul 2006

Two nested layers (<div>) are used one for positioning and the other for formating purposes.

The gradient background is only put into place to demonstrate that the png graphic is really transparent.

The dead centered wrapper container is put into place just to demonstrate that the post it can be positioned relative to its container

For more thorough discussion look in CSS post it notes
Download complete CSS post it notes example to your computer
More info on transparent pngs in IE using only css













IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*mybankholidayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then="

$percntCOMMENT{type='bulletabove' target='Sandbox.CAL09TWikiGuest#InsertHere' default='mybankholidayupdate2010' inputsize=\"5\" redirectto='Sandbox.LiliansUpdatePage'}$percnt

$percntCOMMENT{type='bulletabove' target='Sandbox.CAL09TWikiGuest#InsertHere' default='mybankholidayupdate2010' inputsize=\"5\" redirectto='Sandbox.LiliansUpdatePage'}$percnt
" }: Missing operator?

IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*mybankholidayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then="

$percntCOMMENT{type='bulletabove' target='Sandbox.CAL09TWikiGuest#InsertHere' default='mybankholidayupdate2010' inputsize=\"5\" redirectto='Sandbox.LiliansUpdatePage'}$percnt

$percntCOMMENT{type='bulletabove' target='Sandbox.CAL09TWikiGuest#InsertHere' default='mybankholidayupdate2010' inputsize=\"5\" redirectto='Sandbox.LiliansUpdatePage'}$percnt
" }: Missing operator?

IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*mybankholidayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then="

$percntCOMMENT{type='bulletabove' target='Sandbox.CAL09TWikiGuest#InsertHere' default='mybankholidayupdate2010' inputsize=\"5\" redirectto='Sandbox.LiliansUpdatePage'}$percnt

$percntCOMMENT{type='bulletabove' target='Sandbox.CAL09TWikiGuest#InsertHere' default='mybankholidayupdate2010' inputsize=\"5\" redirectto='Sandbox.LiliansUpdatePage'}$percnt
" }: Missing operator?

IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*otherbankholydayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then=" Your Calendar is uptodate!" }: Missing operator?

No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:bulletabove} No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:example} No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:return} No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:example}

Some Topics To Be Discussed

  1. Database structures:
    • Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal and external usage?
    • Or the databases will have a special locker field(s) to protect a part of data to be accessible form the Internet?
    • Will the structure of the databases be the same for databases (1) accessible from the Internet and the local developing one (2)?
  2. Software development:
    • Software for the local database population
    • Software for populating of the external databases(synchronization of the external and internal databases).
    • Software for users of the Bernstein portal.
  3. Repertories databases:
    • How will we use them in Internet? They are copyright protected.

-- VictorKarnaukhov - 16 Oct 2006

WabiSabi

Since wabi-sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western terms. According to Leonard Koren (in his book WABI-SABI: FOR ARTISTS, DESIGNERS, POETS & PHILOSOPHERS), as reflected in an essay paper, wabi-sabi is the most conspicuous and characteristic feature of what we think of as traditional Japanese beauty and it "occupies roughly the same position in the Japanese pantheon of aesthetic values as do the Greek ideals of beauty and perfection in the West."

"*Wabi-sabi is a beauty of things imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete.

* It is the beauty of things modest and humble. * It is the beauty of things unconventional."

The concepts of wabi-sabi correlate with the concepts of Zen Buddhism, as the first Japanese involved with wabi-sabi were tea masters, priests, and monks who practiced Zen. Buddhism originated in India, traveled to China in the 6th century, and was first introduced in Japan around the 12th century. Zen emphasizes "direct, intuitive insight into transcendental truth beyond all intellectual conception." At the core of wabi- sabi is the importance of transcending ways of looking and thinking about things/existence. Through Lead Generation agents, we can collect various reference for WabiSabi. übersetzung deutsch finnisch Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch übersetzung Technischer Übersetzer Übersetzung Japanisch Deutsch Übersetzung Englisch Deutsch Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch * All things are impermanent * All things are imperfect * All things are incomplete

"Material characteristics of wabi-sabi:

* suggestion of natural process * irregular * intimate * unpretentious * earthy * simple"

For more about wabi-sabi, see http://www.art.unt.edu/ntieva/artcurr/asian/wabisabi.html

-- CallieParish? - 15 Oct 2009

Bernstein's Sandbox web The Sandbox Web of TWiki. TWiki is an Enterprise Collaboration Platform. http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox Copyright 2014 by contributing authors 2014-01-22T08:35:02Z WebStatistics http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebStatistics 2014-01-22T08:35:02Z Statistics for Sandbox Web Month: Topic views: Topic saves: File uploads: Most popular topic views: Top contributors for topic save and ... (last changed by TWikiGuest) TWikiGuest WebHome http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebHome 2013-06-21T18:07:19Z titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ... (last changed by WikiMouse) WikiMouse WebNotify http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebNotify 2013-01-17T19:01:51Z veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration (last changed by MarcosPaulo) MarcosPaulo Übersetzung http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/Übersetzung 2012-07-05T08:24:56Z Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) UlfSpaeth WabiSabi http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WabiSabi 2012-05-06T16:19:15Z WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) UlfSpaeth GuenterHofSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/GuenterHofSandbox 2010-10-19T07:40:25Z File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ... (last changed by DavidFahmy) DavidFahmy WebPreferences http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebPreferences 2010-09-29T01:27:37Z Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ... (last changed by CatrinSmith) CatrinSmith WebChanges http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebChanges 2010-09-23T19:45:04Z editing services resume dissertation writers (last changed by CatrinSmith) CatrinSmith WebTopicList http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebTopicList 2010-09-23T19:43:45Z writing services wedding rings crystal beads custom essays (last changed by CatrinSmith) CatrinSmith EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft 2010-06-29T11:14:49Z EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ... (last changed by RonTe) RonTe LinuxIntro http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/LinuxIntro 2010-06-21T18:05:31Z Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ... (last changed by AnnStone) AnnStone HomIran http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/HomIran 2010-03-27T15:59:17Z Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ... (last changed by VladAtanasiu) VladAtanasiu TestTopic0 http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTopic0 2010-01-01T21:09:57Z body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ... (last changed by LilianEschgarth) LilianEschgarth MariaBalkSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/MariaBalkSandbox 2006-11-24T10:47:51Z (last changed by MariaBalk) MariaBalk blalala http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/blalala 2006-10-24T13:38:39Z sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) GuenterHof TestTest http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTest 2006-10-21T11:04:21Z Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) GuenterHof
WebChanges (23 Sep 2010 - 19:45 - r5 - CatrinSmith?)

Results from Sandbox web retrieved at 14:48 (GMT)

Statistics for Sandbox Web Month: Topic views: Topic saves: File uploads: Most popular topic views: Top contributors for topic save and ...
titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ...
veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration
Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ...
WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ...
File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ...
Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ...
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EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ...
Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ...
Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ...
body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ...
sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006
Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006
Some Topics To Be Discussed 1. Database structures: Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal ...
Bernstein's Sandbox web The Sandbox Web of TWiki. TWiki is an Enterprise Collaboration Platform.
" else "Bernstein's Sandbox web"}% /Sandbox
Number of topics: 25

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Welcome to the Sandbox web

The Sandbox web is the sandbox you can use for testing. Everybody is welcome to add or delete some stuff. It is recommended to walk through the TWikiTutorial to get a jumpstart on the Bernstein tool. A good rule of thumb is to add at the end of the page and sign and date it with your WikiName.

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Results from Sandbox web retrieved at 14:48 (GMT)

EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ...
File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ...
Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ...
Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ...
Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006
body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ...
Some Topics To Be Discussed 1. Database structures: Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal ...
WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ...
Bernstein's Sandbox web The Sandbox Web of TWiki. TWiki is an Enterprise Collaboration Platform.
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titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ...
veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration
Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ...
" else "Bernstein's Sandbox web"}% /Sandbox
Statistics for Sandbox Web Month: Topic views: Topic saves: File uploads: Most popular topic views: Top contributors for topic save and ...
writing services wedding rings crystal beads custom essays
sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006
Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ...
Number of topics: 25

See also the faster WebTopicList

tip TWiki Tip of the Day
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Interactive search is a keyword search by default. For example, to search for all topics that contain ... Read on Read more

WEBS

This is a subscription to be automatically notified by e-mail when topics change in this Sandbox web. This is a convenient and desentupidora service, so you do not have to come back and check all the time if something has changed. To subscribe, please add a bullet with your WikiName in alphabetical order to this list: veja amantes, mtk health insurance,

Web Changes Notification Service

Each TWiki web has an automatic e-mail notification service that sends you an e-mail with links to all of the topics modified since the last alert.

Subscribers are listed in WebNotify following one of these bullet list formats:

three spaces * [ webname . ] wikiName - SMTP mail address
three spaces * [ webName . ] wikiName
three spaces * SMTP mail address
three spaces * SMTP mail address : topics
three spaces * [ webname . ] wikiName : topics

where topics is a space-separated list of topic names.

  • Specify topics without a Web. prefix
  • Topics must exist in this web.
  • Topics may be specified using * wildcards
  • Each topic may optionally be followed by an integer in parentheses, indicating the depth of the tree of children below that topic. Changes in all these children will be detected and reported along with changes to the topic itself. Note This uses the TWiki "Topic parent" feature.
  • Each topic may optionally be preceded by a '+' or '-' sign. The '+' sign means "subscribe to this topic" (the same as not putting anything). The '-' sign means "don't send notifications regarding this topic". This allows users to elect to filter out changes to certain topics (and their children, to an arbitrary depth). Topic filters ('-') take precedence over topic includes ('+').

For example:

   * daisy@flowers.com
   * daisy@flowers.com: Web*
   * TWiki.DaisyCutter: Petal* (1) TWiki.WeedKillers (3) Red*Phlox
   * TWiki.StarTrekFan: * - *Wars - *sInTheirEyes - *shipTroopers
A user may be listed many times in the WebNotify topic. Where a user has several lines in WebNotify that all match the same topic, they will only be notified of changes to that topic once.

If a TWiki group is listed for notification, the group will be recursively expanded to the e-mail addresses of all members.

TIP Tip: List names in alphabetical order to make it easier to find the names.

Note for System Administrators: Notification is supported by an add-on to the TWiki kernel called the MailerContrib. See the MailerContrib topic for details of how to set up this service.

Note: If you prefer a news feed, point your reader to WebRss (for RSS 1.0 feeds) or WebAtom (for ATOM 1.0 feeds). Learn more at WebRssBase and WebAtomBase, respectively.

Related topics: WebChangesAlert, TWikiUsers, TWikiRegistration

WebPreferences (29 Sep 2010 - 01:27 - r21 - CatrinSmith?)

Sandbox Web Preferences

The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site-level preferences in TWiki.TWikiPreferences and Main.TWikiPreferences, and can be overwritten by user preferences (your personal topic, eg: TWikiGuest in the Main web).

Web Preferences Settings

These settings override the defaults for this web only. See full list of defaults with explanation.

  • Web Settings:
    • Set WEBBGCOLOR = #B9DAFF
    • Set SITEMAPWHAT = Sandbox test area with all features enabled.
    • Set SITEMAPUSETO = ...experiment in an unrestricted hands-on web.
    • Set SITEMAPLIST = on

  • Default template for new topics for this web:
    • WebTopicEditTemplate?: Default template for new topics in this web. (Site-level is used if topic does not exist)
    • TWiki.WebTopicEditTemplate resume: Site-level default topic template

  • Comma separated list of forms that can be attached to topics in this web. See TWikiForms for more information.
    • Set WEBFORMS =

  • Users or groups who are not / are allowed to view / change / rename topics in the Sandbox web: (See TWikiAccessControl). Remove the # to enable any of these settings custom paper. Remember that an empty setting is a valid setting; setting DENYWEBVIEW to nothing means that anyone can view the web.
    • #Set DENYWEBVIEW =
    • #Set ALLOWWEBVIEW =
    • #Set DENYWEBCHANGE =
    • #Set ALLOWWEBCHANGE = TWikiAdminGroup
    • #Set DENYWEBRENAME =
    • #Set ALLOWWEBRENAME = TWikiAdminGroup

  • Web preferences that are not allowed to be overridden by user or topic preferences:
    • Set FINALPREFERENCES = NOSEARCHALL, ATTACHFILESIZELIMIT, WIKIWEBMASTER, WEBCOPYRIGHT, WEBTOPICLIST, DENYWEBVIEW, ALLOWWEBVIEW, DENYWEBCHANGE, ALLOWWEBCHANGE, DENYWEBRENAME, ALLOWWEBRENAME

Help on Preferences

  • A preference setting is defined by:
    3 or 6 spaces * Set NAME = value
    Example:
    • Set WEBBGCOLOR = #FFFFC0
  • A preferences setting can be disabled with a # sign. Remove the # sign to enable a local customisation. Example:
  • Preferences are used as TWikiVariables by enclosing the name in percent signs. Example:
    • When you write variable %WEBBGCOLOR% , it gets expanded to #B9DAFF
  • The sequential order of the preference settings is significant. Define preferences that use other preferences first, i.e. set WEBCOPYRIGHT before WIKIWEBMASTER since %WEBCOPYRIGHT% uses the %WIKIWEBMASTER% variable.
  • You can introduce your own preferences variables and use them in your topics and templates.

Related Topics

Tools

Bernstein search results for \.* http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox The Sandbox web of TWiki. TWiki is a Web-Based Collaboration Platform for the Enterprise. en-us Copyright 2014 by contributing authors TWiki Administrator [emanuel.wenger@oeaw.ac.at] The contributing authors of Bernstein Bernstein The Bernstein Website.Sandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/pub/Main/VisualIdentity/bernstein-logo-bern4mem-trsp.png WebHome http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebHome titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ... (last changed by WikiMouse) 2013-06-21T18:07:19Z wikimouse WebNotify http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebNotify veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration (last changed by MarcosPaulo) 2013-01-17T19:01:51Z Marcossp Übersetzung http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/Übersetzung Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) 2012-07-05T08:24:56Z prosch WabiSabi http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WabiSabi WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) 2012-05-06T16:19:15Z prosch GuenterHofSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/GuenterHofSandbox File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ... (last changed by DavidFahmy) 2010-10-19T07:40:25Z DavidFahmy WebPreferences http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebPreferences Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ... (last changed by CatrinSmith) 2010-09-29T01:27:37Z CatrinSmith WebChanges http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebChanges editing services resume dissertation writers (last changed by CatrinSmith) 2010-09-23T19:45:04Z CatrinSmith WebTopicList http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebTopicList writing services wedding rings crystal beads custom essays (last changed by CatrinSmith) 2010-09-23T19:43:45Z CatrinSmith EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ... (last changed by RonTe) 2010-06-29T11:14:49Z RonTe LinuxIntro http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/LinuxIntro Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ... (last changed by AnnStone) 2010-06-21T18:05:31Z AnnStone HomIran http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/HomIran Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ... (last changed by VladAtanasiu) 2010-03-27T15:59:17Z atanasiu TestTopic0 http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTopic0 body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ... (last changed by LilianEschgarth) 2010-01-01T21:09:57Z LilianEschgarth MariaBalkSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/MariaBalkSandbox (last changed by MariaBalk) 2006-11-24T10:47:51Z balk blalala http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/blalala sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) 2006-10-24T13:38:39Z gh TestTest http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTest Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) 2006-10-21T11:04:21Z gh VictorKarnaukhovSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/VictorKarnaukhovSandbox Some Topics To Be Discussed 1. Database structures: Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal ... (last changed by VictorKarnaukhov) 2006-10-16T12:14:36Z karnaukhov

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EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft

Abstract

Section

The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring a top-notch result. As a matter of fact, professional resume writers commonly write a rough draft, and make multiple versions of such to be sure that the best possible level of quality would be attained. Basically, making your own rough draft is not necessarily difficult, but of course, it requires some amount of time.

In writing a college essay for example, the rough draft would enable you to determine the parts of the paper that should be improved upon. In this sense, the rough draft would also allow you to determine the parts of the paper that need to be removed. Also, writing with the rough draft would also give you the chance to know the aspects of the topic that you may have left out. Given such advantages, why do most students write without thinking about making a rough draft?

Well, the answer to such would be the lack of time that a student often allocates to accomplishing written tasks. In fact, they are more interested in getting homework help for more technical requirements other than writing. Thus, instead of submitting a final paper that emphasizes the amount of effort placed unto it, the paper submitted would be just like a rough draft. If you're having problems with writing an excellent paper, getting help offered by essay writing services would be quite a good choice to improve your work.


-- JinMartt - 16 Jun 2010

File Access Rights on Unix and Linux

One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set-up the file access rights in Linux/Unix.

This small topic answers this question by giving you the exact shell commands that set the access rights correctly for your entire TWiki directory tree.

This topic is valid for TWiki Release 4.0.X

The script below does 2 things

  • It changes the owner of the entire directory tree to the user that apache is run as. Apache is normally started as root and then forks out several child processes that do all the work. These child processes run as a user with very few privileges on the system. The name of the user is given by the directives User and Group in httpd.conf. Various distributions have their own ideas what this user should be. In Redhat/Fedora/Centos the user name is apache and the group is also apache. Other distributions use nobody or wwwdata.
  • It changes the access rights to all the files in the twiki tree to the same as it is shipped in the tgz. When you upgrade using the TWiki-VERSION-changed.zip you run into the problem that zip files contain no user rights so the default right are used. The script below takes care of this.

In the script below I assume your TWiki tree is /var/www/twiki and the apache user/group is apache.

First we move to the right directory and change ownership

cd /var/www
chown -R apache:apache twiki
cd twiki

Make sure your current working directory is the bottom of the twiki tree. The next step changes the access rights. You can copy one line at a time or copy the entire next block of text and paste it to a command line. The script prints everything it does so expect to see a lot of output. If you do not want that remove all the -v.

find . -type d -print -exec chmod -v 755 {} \;
find data -name '*.txt' -type f -exec chmod -v 660 {} \;
find data pub -name '*,v' -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find lib -name '*.pm' -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find locale -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find pub -type f -exec chmod -v 660 {} \;
find pub/TWiki/WysiwygPlugin/_kupu -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find bin -type f -exec chmod -v 550 {} \;
find bin/logos -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find templates -type f -exec chmod -v 440 {} \;
find tools -type f -exec chmod -v 550 {} \;
chmod -v 660 lib/LocalSite.cfg
chmod -v 660 data/.htpasswd
chmod -v 660 data/mime.types
chmod -v 440 bin/LocalLib.cfg.txt
chmod -v 440 bin/.htaccess.txt
chmod -v 440 pub/_work_areas/.htaccess
chmod -v 440 pub/_work_areas/README 
chmod -v 440 AUTHORS COPYING COPYRIGHT index.html INSTALL.html LICENSE pub-htaccess.txt readme.txt robots.txt root-htaccess.txt subdir-htaccess.txt TWiki.TWikiHistory.html twiki_httpd_conf.txt TWiki.TWikiReleaseNotes04x00.html 
chmod -v 550 TWiki.UpgradeTwiki

Additional resources:

Configuring Unix / Linux File and Directory Access Rights-Using chmod to Alter or Modify File and Directory Permissions - Good resource for those who are looking for solutions on configuring Unix and Linux.

UNIX Tutorial for Beginners - a comprehensive online resource for beginners and useful for those who are writing about it on term papers or custom research papers.

-- GuenterHof - 22 Aug 2006

Avatars in Real Life
Placename homonymy in Iran

Vlad Atanasiu
ude&#x002e;tim&#x002e;mula‍&#x0040;‍uisanata
http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/
March 2010

If somebody would like to hide something precious in Iran, a good choice would be the town of Hoseynabad. There are indeed over 380 Hoseynabad, which would confuse for a long time any search party. (Hoseyn is a common personal name and reference to an important martyr in the Shi'a religion; -abad / abode, dwelling, city is the usual suffix for constructing a placename in Iran.)

Intelligence and military applications are not the only ones benefiting from knowledge on placename homonymy. This universal georeferencing issue provides also excellent material to teach cultural geography, its study bundling together Humanities disciplines like linguistics, history and sociology, with the Science areas of geographical information systems, visualization and computational knowledge modeling. Some of these topics will be presented in the following preliminary sketch of an ongoing research.


  1. Density
  2. World phenomenon
  3. Distance
  4. Name length
  5. Ranking and semantics
  6. Issues
  7. Software
  8. What next
  9. Acknowledgements
  10. References
  11. Artwork

Density

Method - To study the density of homonymous populated places (HPPL) in Iran relative to the overall density of populated places (PPL), placenames and their coordinates where obtained from the Geonames website, two subsets constructed, one for the PPL (gray markers, Figure 1), the other for the HPPL (red markers). The datasets were processed in ArcGIS? with Kernel Density, Spatial Analyst toolbox, to generate spatially continuous data (Figure 2-top-left & 2-top-right give the PPL and HPPL, respectively), the values in each point of the resulting maps being then divided, to get the ratio of HPPL in PPL (Figure 2-bottom). This ensures that HPPL density can be analyzed with much less dependency on PPL density, subduing the impact of natural features such as deserts and mountains and human factors like suburban dense settlements. For reference the provicial capitals are displayed in Figure 2.


Populated places in Iran and the homonyms among them.

Figure 1 - Populated places of Iran.

Density of homonymous populated places in Iran.

Figure 2 - Density of homonymous settlements in Iran.

Interpretation - By looking at the HPPL areas with low density (dark blue) we observe that they correlate with linguistic minorities: Turkmene, Gilani and Azeri on the Caspian shores, Kurdish and, farther South, Arabic at the border with Iraq and Baluchi on the Pakistani frontier. High density HPPL (dark brown) areas concentrate on the Iranian highland around urban centers (black markers), where Persian is the majority language and culture.

Persian representing also the high culture and language since Antiquity in this region of the world, it had an impact on the toponymy of other cultures of Iran, by lexical imposition and hybridization. Imposition (e.g. placenames derived from names of rulers, like the Banadr-e Pahlavi in Gilani territory named after the Pahlavi dynasty - and changed to Bandar-e Anazali after the 1979 Revolution) reduce the number of placenames available for naming in a minority language, while hybridization creates unique names, lowering the chances to be reproduced elsewhere. The HPPL density map reveals itself as a special visualization of the power centers and backwaters of Iran.

The hypothesis of hybridized cultures can be tested by expanding the study of HPPL to other countries.

World phenomenon

The HPPL density of France exhibits low values in minority languages and dialects areas: Alsace under German influence, Dunkirk region of Flemish heritage, Brittany, the Basque country and Corsica, and a bit of Romance "Langues d'Oc" neighbouring Spanish Catalonia (Figure 3). Soultzbach-les-Bains is a nice example of a hybrid toponym, of mixed French-German linguistic origins.

The phenomenon repeats itself in Austria, where most of the boundary regions have low densities, that is those in contact with Slave, Hungarian and Italian cultures. Paznaun is another nice Romance derivative and also an excellent ski area in Tirol.

The multi-ethnic heritage of Transylvania and Banat - Romanian, German, Hungarian, Székely, Serbian... - translates into a Romanian HPPL landscape still largely following the borders between these former Austro-Hungarian territories and Wallachia and Moldavia.

In Turkey the Sanjak of Alexandrette, from 1921 to 1939 an autonomous territory and later republic, and the Eastern Kurdish regions, stand out as low-percentage HPPL areas.

The case of Great Britain is interesting insofar the low densities in the Celtic ares (Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and Cornwall) are not so much a consequence of English dominance, than one due to the structure of the languages and the way in which toponyms are constructed in those cultures. Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is visibly too long for the same combination of letters to occur somewhere else on this planet (it means, in Welsh, "St Mary's Church in a hollow of white hazel near the swirling whirlpool of the church of St Tysilio with a red cave").

Finally, in Japan, like in the rest of the world, the lowest HPPL densities are still those of hybridised cultures: the non-Japanese Ainu realm of the Northern Hokkaido island.



Density of homonymous populated places in France, Austria, Romania, Turkey, Great Britain, Japan.

Figure 3 - Settlements homonymy in various countries.

Politics - It is noteworthy to consider where the low densities appear. Mostly they are at the periphery of the countries examined, a direct result of the radial spatial decay in dominance around power centers, as well as the progressive fashion in which dominance was established in time. Japan and Great Britain are outstanding examples in this matter (Hokkaido was integrated into Imperial Japan as late as the 19th century).

The "dot power", where dominance is concentrated around one region, is however not the only possible type, as shown by Iran. Here, the "hop power" is at work: there are multiple centers distributed around the country from where power is exerted, a likely result of power fragmentation in former times, frequent change of capital cities and the importance of urban settlements. Thus, HPPL density maps are also mirrors revealing the functioning modes of power structures in various countries.

Open questions - The first set of questions to ask when interpreting the these maps is methodological. Are there any "natural reasons" to some characteristics (like the conspicious knolling)? How is the computational method affect the outcome? Then there are questions about the HPPL phenomenon itself. How are local strong peaks and drops in density to be explained? Some regional trends are at first glance startling: why are the vast fields of Picardy and the gullies of Cappadocia low in HPPL, while Savoy and Bursa so high?

Visualization can provide some answers. For example, it is not possible to know from the present map if an extrema is due to a local agglomeration of the same placename near one another, or, due to many different closely located placenames with thier respective homonyms located far away. Depending on which option applies one concludes that in the given country local fashions are stronger than national ones, or vice versa. Or that a given population is prone to much HPPL generating or, on the contrary, avoids it.

Distance

The distances separating all pairs of HPPL is shown in Figure 4. The histograms differ from what would be expected from a homogenous distribution (Figure 5).

Country size and linguistic homogeneity are two factors immediately identifiable: Switzerland has much more local homonyms because it is much smaller than Iran and the four linguistic regions (French, German, Italian, Romansh) are more homogenous than the liguistic geography of Iran. Yet there is a supplementary factor possibly shaping the diagrams. In some countries old placenames might have survived much longer than in others, so that the linguistic chronological sediments decrease the quantity of HPPL. Such toponyms pockmark the web of HPPL and thus boost the number of long-distance HPPL.

Presently this study looked at the spatial toponymic diversity, but regions with low spatial diversity could turn out to be highly diverse in the temporal dimension, if one considers the rate of toponymic change.



Distance between pairs of homonyms in various countries.

Figure 4 - Distance between pairs of homonyms.

Distances between pairs of locations in an ideal case: a homogeanous circular distribution.

Figure 5 - Distances between pairs of locations in a ideal case.

Name length

Not surprisingly, HPPL with many characters per word are less frequent than shorter placenames (Figure 6). Most frequent homonyms tend to be two to four syllabes long. More interesting is the maximum length of placenames, which varies considerably across countries, depending on the specific roles played by toponyms. In Iran settelments often are transformed into multiple embodiments in landscape of otherwordly powers (five Shahrak-e Vali-ye 'Asr: Mahdiville), revolutionnary powers (eight Shahrak-e Emam Khomeyni: Imam Khomeyni City) and all sorts of other individuals (380+ shorter name Hoseynabad, two longer Kalateh-ye Mohammad Hoseyn Khan: Markettown of Mohammad Hoseyn Khan).

It would be tempting to call the Japanese HPPL haikus (maximum length 12 charcters) and the toponyms of Great Britain sagas (58 letters). Yet deeper issues might be at work, like the navigational role played by toponyms or a holistic concept about what a place is, as part of a complex environment as opposed to a disconnected entity with arbitrary name.

Colorcoded histograms of HPPL word length.

Figure 6 - Word length of HPPL placenames.

Ranking

The percentage of HPPL at country level exhibits a wide variability bracket, from 15% in Great Britain to 53% in Turkey. To the linguistic factor mentioned before, one can add conceptual differences in how people think a settlement should be named.

The most frequent Iranian PPL are constructed around personal names, many with a dual secular and religious symbolism; Austrian PPL around natural features such as wood, mountain, valley; and British PPL around spatial referents like middle, north, up. The religious factor and the weight of social leaders seems paramount for Iranian toponymy. A consistently far more rugged terrain than Iran, covered by dense woods, has made peasants life in Austria a constant struggle with nature. Naming a place Mountain-village or Valley-village has a considerable impact on the resources involved to reach it, for which reason it is far more informative than naming it after the mayor. Saints are sometimes stronger than mayors and mountains, and - like in Iran - religious toponymy is present in Austria, side-by-side the one inspired by the natural environment.

Country HPPL
Turkey 53 %    statistics bar
Romania 37 %    statistics bar
Japan 34 %    statistics bar
Iran 32 %    statistics bar
Austria 30 %    statistics bar
France 19 %    statistics bar
Great Britain     15 %    statistics bar
Switzerland 11 %    statistics bar

Figure 7 - Percentage of HPPL in regard to all PPL in various coutries. (Follow the links for complete lists of homonyms.)

Issues

A number of data-related issues have been identified to influence the interpretations. At this stage of the study they were only partially addressed.

Data quality

  • data coverage is not uniform across countries and within country regions
  • coordinates precision varies (part of Korea coordinates are rounded to xx.xx333 or xx.xx666)
  • mistypes ('oseynabad < Hoseyabad)
  • transliteration of non-Roman-based scripts is inconsistent ('Aliabad and ‘Aliabad differ in straight and curly quotation mark used to render the 'ain Arabic letter)

Data extent

  • spelling variation
  • orthography variation
  • definition of PPL in Geonames

Data segmentation

  • spatial segmentation according to present day boundaries doesn't fit with various applications, like analyzing cross-country migration through toponymy or for historical studies
  • semantic families can provide different views on homonymy, for example by classifying all Iranian HPPL derived from personal names and those derived from natural features in two super-classes

Conclusion

This work studied the diversity of names of populated places through their written forms. It has shown that numerous factors, of various natures, influence the phenomenon. There is high cultural variability, as well as some universals.

A fundamental finding is that the homonymity of populated places provides a indicator of cultural diversity, the number of homonyms being inversely proportional to cultural diversity.

Software

Desktop - Semantic processing of placenames, statistics and some geographical analysis and mapping is done in Kanga*, a custom software written in Matlab.

* Kanga is a reference to a common confusion made by English-speakers between the country toponyms Austria and Australia. This lead to a profusion of gift-shops in Vienna selling T-shirts with an Australian "kangaroo crossing" road sign and "No Kangaroos in Austria" printed below. The geographical homonyms analysis software was developped in Vienna.



Screenshot of the Kanaga software for geographical homonymy analysis.

Figure 8 - Screenshot of the Kanaga software for geographical homonymy analysis.

Online - Figure 9 is an interactive map of HPPL in Iran classified by administrative units. Such a map is very simple to generate. Append the URL of the dataset (http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/studies/homonyms/ir.jsonp) to that of the webservice (http://www.waqwaq.info/ws/main/main.html) into a single GIS URL (http://www.waqwaq.info/ws/main/main.html?url=http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/studies/homonyms/ir.jsonp). Read more at Waqwaq GIS.



Figure 9 - Interactive map of HPPL of Iran, generated with Waqwaq GIS. Note that admin unit ids and their centroids (computed as a mean of all coordinates beloning to the same admin unit) are as provided on Geonames.

What next

The author of this research is seeking funding to pursue the research on placenames homonymity. Offers are welcome. Please write to Vlad Atanasiu, ude&#x002e;tim&#x002e;mula‍&#x0040;‍uisanata.

Acknowledgements

This preliminary study was made possible through a contract in 2009 with the Commission for Scientific Visualization and the Institute of Lexicography of Austrian Dialects and Names, at the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna.

References

  1. Douglas R. Caldwell and James A. Shine, An Analysis of Toponymic Homonyms in Gazetteers: Country-Level Duplicate Names in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency’s Geographic Names Data Base, Coordinates A: 6.
  2. Richard R. Randall, Place Names: How They Define the World - And More (Boston: The Scarecrow Press, 2001).
  3. Naftali Kadmon, Toponymy: The Lore, Laws and Language of Geographical Names (New York: Vantage Press, 2000).

Artwork

This scientific study has inspired the author to create a couple of cartographic art objects. The photo below shows their practical side: the density maps can also be used as beer plates, while the 3D geohomonyms landscape of Austria - here in the process of being engraved by laser - looks nice as a paper weight on the desk of your boss.



Artwork: geohomonyms map as beer plate.

Figure 10 - Geohomonyms maps as beer plates.

A laser engraving a 3D homonymy map of Austria.

Figure 11 - Engraving by laser of the 3D homonymy landscape of Austria.




-- VladAtanasiu - 27 Mar 2010

Introduction to Linux

Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems. The name originally came from Linux Kernel and was written by Linus Torvalds ( see the connection?). As there are numerous developments and news about Linux, it is ideal to have a good grip of what's the latest and here are a couple of studies about Linux in the form of theses. A thesis about Linux is ideal for those who want to get ahead of the game.

1. High speed data collection with Blackfin DSP

Abstract

This covers a master thesis about embedded systems, with the aim to probe the high speed data collection capabilities with a Blackfin DSP. This covers basic theory about sampling and noise is covered briefly from a practical point of view. The theory is intended to be useful for those diving into a ADC datasheet for the first time.

2. Investigating and Implementing a DNS Administration System

Abstract

NinetechGruppen? AB is an IT service providing company with about 30 employees, primarily based in Karlstad, Sweden. The company began to have problems with their DNS administration because the number of administrated domains had grown too large.

Additional resources

Linux forums

Linux articles

thesis


-- MillieWells - 20 Mar 2009

SOME EXAMPLES OF THE PLUGIN
Font size test

Heading 1

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 5

Heading 6

Paragraph

-- Main.cb - 27 Jul 2006

Two nested layers (<div>) are used one for positioning and the other for formating purposes.

The gradient background is only put into place to demonstrate that the png graphic is really transparent.

The dead centered wrapper container is put into place just to demonstrate that the post it can be positioned relative to its container

For more thorough discussion look in CSS post it notes
Download complete CSS post it notes example to your computer
More info on transparent pngs in IE using only css













IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*mybankholidayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then="

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IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*mybankholidayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then="

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IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*mybankholidayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then="

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IF{ "'CAL09TWikiGuest'/lc(text)~'*otherbankholydayupdate2010*'" else="Please Update" then=" Your Calendar is uptodate!" }: Missing operator?

No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:bulletabove} No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:example} No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:return} No such template def TMPL:DEF{PROMPT:example}

Some Topics To Be Discussed

  1. Database structures:
    • Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal and external usage?
    • Or the databases will have a special locker field(s) to protect a part of data to be accessible form the Internet?
    • Will the structure of the databases be the same for databases (1) accessible from the Internet and the local developing one (2)?
  2. Software development:
    • Software for the local database population
    • Software for populating of the external databases(synchronization of the external and internal databases).
    • Software for users of the Bernstein portal.
  3. Repertories databases:
    • How will we use them in Internet? They are copyright protected.

-- VictorKarnaukhov - 16 Oct 2006

WabiSabi

Since wabi-sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western terms. According to Leonard Koren (in his book WABI-SABI: FOR ARTISTS, DESIGNERS, POETS & PHILOSOPHERS), as reflected in an essay paper, wabi-sabi is the most conspicuous and characteristic feature of what we think of as traditional Japanese beauty and it "occupies roughly the same position in the Japanese pantheon of aesthetic values as do the Greek ideals of beauty and perfection in the West."

"*Wabi-sabi is a beauty of things imperfect, impermanent, and incomplete.

* It is the beauty of things modest and humble. * It is the beauty of things unconventional."

The concepts of wabi-sabi correlate with the concepts of Zen Buddhism, as the first Japanese involved with wabi-sabi were tea masters, priests, and monks who practiced Zen. Buddhism originated in India, traveled to China in the 6th century, and was first introduced in Japan around the 12th century. Zen emphasizes "direct, intuitive insight into transcendental truth beyond all intellectual conception." At the core of wabi- sabi is the importance of transcending ways of looking and thinking about things/existence. Through Lead Generation agents, we can collect various reference for WabiSabi. übersetzung deutsch finnisch Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch übersetzung Technischer Übersetzer Übersetzung Japanisch Deutsch Übersetzung Englisch Deutsch Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch * All things are impermanent * All things are imperfect * All things are incomplete

"Material characteristics of wabi-sabi:

* suggestion of natural process * irregular * intimate * unpretentious * earthy * simple"

For more about wabi-sabi, see http://www.art.unt.edu/ntieva/artcurr/asian/wabisabi.html

-- CallieParish? - 15 Oct 2009

Bernstein's Sandbox web The Sandbox Web of TWiki. TWiki is an Enterprise Collaboration Platform. http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox Copyright 2014 by contributing authors 2014-01-22T08:35:02Z WebStatistics http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebStatistics 2014-01-22T08:35:02Z Statistics for Sandbox Web Month: Topic views: Topic saves: File uploads: Most popular topic views: Top contributors for topic save and ... (last changed by TWikiGuest) TWikiGuest WebHome http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebHome 2013-06-21T18:07:19Z titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ... (last changed by WikiMouse) WikiMouse WebNotify http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebNotify 2013-01-17T19:01:51Z veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration (last changed by MarcosPaulo) MarcosPaulo Übersetzung http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/Übersetzung 2012-07-05T08:24:56Z Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) UlfSpaeth WabiSabi http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WabiSabi 2012-05-06T16:19:15Z WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) UlfSpaeth GuenterHofSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/GuenterHofSandbox 2010-10-19T07:40:25Z File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ... (last changed by DavidFahmy) DavidFahmy WebPreferences http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebPreferences 2010-09-29T01:27:37Z Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ... (last changed by CatrinSmith) CatrinSmith WebChanges http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebChanges 2010-09-23T19:45:04Z editing services resume dissertation writers (last changed by CatrinSmith) CatrinSmith WebTopicList http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebTopicList 2010-09-23T19:43:45Z writing services wedding rings crystal beads custom essays (last changed by CatrinSmith) CatrinSmith EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft 2010-06-29T11:14:49Z EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ... (last changed by RonTe) RonTe LinuxIntro http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/LinuxIntro 2010-06-21T18:05:31Z Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ... (last changed by AnnStone) AnnStone HomIran http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/HomIran 2010-03-27T15:59:17Z Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ... (last changed by VladAtanasiu) VladAtanasiu TestTopic0 http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTopic0 2010-01-01T21:09:57Z body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ... (last changed by LilianEschgarth) LilianEschgarth MariaBalkSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/MariaBalkSandbox 2006-11-24T10:47:51Z (last changed by MariaBalk) MariaBalk blalala http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/blalala 2006-10-24T13:38:39Z sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) GuenterHof TestTest http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTest 2006-10-21T11:04:21Z Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) GuenterHof
WebChanges (23 Sep 2010 - 19:45 - r5 - CatrinSmith?)

Results from Sandbox web retrieved at 14:48 (GMT)

Statistics for Sandbox Web Month: Topic views: Topic saves: File uploads: Most popular topic views: Top contributors for topic save and ...
titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ...
veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration
Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ...
WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ...
File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ...
Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ...
editing services resume dissertation writers
writing services wedding rings crystal beads custom essays
EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ...
Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ...
Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ...
body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ...
sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006
Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006
Some Topics To Be Discussed 1. Database structures: Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal ...
Bernstein's Sandbox web The Sandbox Web of TWiki. TWiki is an Enterprise Collaboration Platform.
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Number of topics: 25

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Welcome to the Sandbox web

The Sandbox web is the sandbox you can use for testing. Everybody is welcome to add or delete some stuff. It is recommended to walk through the TWikiTutorial to get a jumpstart on the Bernstein tool. A good rule of thumb is to add at the end of the page and sign and date it with your WikiName.

Test Topics

newtopic Create a new document by name: (Use a topic name in WikiNotation)
 

titre 1 titre 2
test text
test text

newtopic Create a new auto-numbered test topic:

Recently changed topics

$topic?
$summary
$date - $wikiusername
A more extensive changes list is available via the Recent Changes link in the navigation menu.

Sandbox Web Utilities

Reference Links:

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Results from Sandbox web retrieved at 14:48 (GMT)

EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ...
File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ...
Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ...
Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ...
Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006
body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ...
Some Topics To Be Discussed 1. Database structures: Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal ...
WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ...
Bernstein's Sandbox web The Sandbox Web of TWiki. TWiki is an Enterprise Collaboration Platform.
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titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ...
veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration
Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ...
" else "Bernstein's Sandbox web"}% /Sandbox
Statistics for Sandbox Web Month: Topic views: Topic saves: File uploads: Most popular topic views: Top contributors for topic save and ...
writing services wedding rings crystal beads custom essays
sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006
Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ...
Number of topics: 25

See also the faster WebTopicList

This is a subscription to be automatically notified by e-mail when topics change in this Sandbox web. This is a convenient and desentupidora service, so you do not have to come back and check all the time if something has changed. To subscribe, please add a bullet with your WikiName in alphabetical order to this list: veja amantes, mtk health insurance,

Web Changes Notification Service

Each TWiki web has an automatic e-mail notification service that sends you an e-mail with links to all of the topics modified since the last alert.

Subscribers are listed in WebNotify following one of these bullet list formats:

three spaces * [ webname . ] wikiName - SMTP mail address
three spaces * [ webName . ] wikiName
three spaces * SMTP mail address
three spaces * SMTP mail address : topics
three spaces * [ webname . ] wikiName : topics

where topics is a space-separated list of topic names.

  • Specify topics without a Web. prefix
  • Topics must exist in this web.
  • Topics may be specified using * wildcards
  • Each topic may optionally be followed by an integer in parentheses, indicating the depth of the tree of children below that topic. Changes in all these children will be detected and reported along with changes to the topic itself. Note This uses the TWiki "Topic parent" feature.
  • Each topic may optionally be preceded by a '+' or '-' sign. The '+' sign means "subscribe to this topic" (the same as not putting anything). The '-' sign means "don't send notifications regarding this topic". This allows users to elect to filter out changes to certain topics (and their children, to an arbitrary depth). Topic filters ('-') take precedence over topic includes ('+').

For example:

   * daisy@flowers.com
   * daisy@flowers.com: Web*
   * TWiki.DaisyCutter: Petal* (1) TWiki.WeedKillers (3) Red*Phlox
   * TWiki.StarTrekFan: * - *Wars - *sInTheirEyes - *shipTroopers
A user may be listed many times in the WebNotify topic. Where a user has several lines in WebNotify that all match the same topic, they will only be notified of changes to that topic once.

If a TWiki group is listed for notification, the group will be recursively expanded to the e-mail addresses of all members.

TIP Tip: List names in alphabetical order to make it easier to find the names.

Note for System Administrators: Notification is supported by an add-on to the TWiki kernel called the MailerContrib. See the MailerContrib topic for details of how to set up this service.

Note: If you prefer a news feed, point your reader to WebRss (for RSS 1.0 feeds) or WebAtom (for ATOM 1.0 feeds). Learn more at WebRssBase and WebAtomBase, respectively.

Related topics: WebChangesAlert, TWikiUsers, TWikiRegistration

WebPreferences (29 Sep 2010 - 01:27 - r21 - CatrinSmith?)

Sandbox Web Preferences

The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site-level preferences in TWiki.TWikiPreferences and Main.TWikiPreferences, and can be overwritten by user preferences (your personal topic, eg: TWikiGuest in the Main web).

Web Preferences Settings

These settings override the defaults for this web only. See full list of defaults with explanation.

  • Web Settings:
    • Set WEBBGCOLOR = #B9DAFF
    • Set SITEMAPWHAT = Sandbox test area with all features enabled.
    • Set SITEMAPUSETO = ...experiment in an unrestricted hands-on web.
    • Set SITEMAPLIST = on

  • Default template for new topics for this web:
    • WebTopicEditTemplate?: Default template for new topics in this web. (Site-level is used if topic does not exist)
    • TWiki.WebTopicEditTemplate resume: Site-level default topic template

  • Comma separated list of forms that can be attached to topics in this web. See TWikiForms for more information.
    • Set WEBFORMS =

  • Users or groups who are not / are allowed to view / change / rename topics in the Sandbox web: (See TWikiAccessControl). Remove the # to enable any of these settings custom paper. Remember that an empty setting is a valid setting; setting DENYWEBVIEW to nothing means that anyone can view the web.
    • #Set DENYWEBVIEW =
    • #Set ALLOWWEBVIEW =
    • #Set DENYWEBCHANGE =
    • #Set ALLOWWEBCHANGE = TWikiAdminGroup
    • #Set DENYWEBRENAME =
    • #Set ALLOWWEBRENAME = TWikiAdminGroup

  • Web preferences that are not allowed to be overridden by user or topic preferences:
    • Set FINALPREFERENCES = NOSEARCHALL, ATTACHFILESIZELIMIT, WIKIWEBMASTER, WEBCOPYRIGHT, WEBTOPICLIST, DENYWEBVIEW, ALLOWWEBVIEW, DENYWEBCHANGE, ALLOWWEBCHANGE, DENYWEBRENAME, ALLOWWEBRENAME

Help on Preferences

  • A preference setting is defined by:
    3 or 6 spaces * Set NAME = value
    Example:
    • Set WEBBGCOLOR = #FFFFC0
  • A preferences setting can be disabled with a # sign. Remove the # sign to enable a local customisation. Example:
  • Preferences are used as TWikiVariables by enclosing the name in percent signs. Example:
    • When you write variable %WEBBGCOLOR% , it gets expanded to #B9DAFF
  • The sequential order of the preference settings is significant. Define preferences that use other preferences first, i.e. set WEBCOPYRIGHT before WIKIWEBMASTER since %WEBCOPYRIGHT% uses the %WIKIWEBMASTER% variable.
  • You can introduce your own preferences variables and use them in your topics and templates.

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Bernstein search results for \.* http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox The Sandbox web of TWiki. TWiki is a Web-Based Collaboration Platform for the Enterprise. en-us Copyright 2014 by contributing authors TWiki Administrator [emanuel.wenger@oeaw.ac.at] The contributing authors of Bernstein Bernstein The Bernstein Website.Sandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/pub/Main/VisualIdentity/bernstein-logo-bern4mem-trsp.png WebHome http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebHome titre 1 titre 2 test text test text $topic : $summary $date $wikiusername Sandbox Web Utilities advanced search WebTopicList ... (last changed by WikiMouse) 2013-06-21T18:07:19Z wikimouse WebNotify http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebNotify veja amantes, mtk health insurance, TWikiGuest example #64;your #46;company .WebChangesAlert, ., .TWikiRegistration (last changed by MarcosPaulo) 2013-01-17T19:01:51Z Marcossp Übersetzung http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/Übersetzung Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht? Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) 2012-07-05T08:24:56Z prosch WabiSabi http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WabiSabi WabiSabi Since wabi sabi represents a comprehensive Japanese world view or aesthetic system, as stated in research papers,it is difficult to explain precisely in western ... (last changed by UlfSpaeth) 2012-05-06T16:19:15Z prosch GuenterHofSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/GuenterHofSandbox File Access Rights on Unix and Linux One of the most common problems people ask about is how to set up the file access rights in Linux/Unix. This small topic answers ... (last changed by DavidFahmy) 2010-10-19T07:40:25Z DavidFahmy WebPreferences http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebPreferences Sandbox Web Preferences The following settings are web preferences of the Sandbox web. These preferences overwrite the site level preferences in and , and ... (last changed by CatrinSmith) 2010-09-29T01:27:37Z CatrinSmith WebChanges http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebChanges editing services resume dissertation writers (last changed by CatrinSmith) 2010-09-23T19:45:04Z CatrinSmith WebTopicList http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/WebTopicList writing services wedding rings crystal beads custom essays (last changed by CatrinSmith) 2010-09-23T19:43:45Z CatrinSmith EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft EssayWritingServiceswiththeRoughDraft Abstract Section The rough draft, although technically an early and incomplete version of the paper, is essential in ensuring ... (last changed by RonTe) 2010-06-29T11:14:49Z RonTe LinuxIntro http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/LinuxIntro Introduction to Linux Linux is a free source software collaboration. It is widely known for its servers and its distributions as desktop and laptops operating systems ... (last changed by AnnStone) 2010-06-21T18:05:31Z AnnStone HomIran http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/HomIran Avatars in Real Life Placename homonymy in Iran Vlad Atanasiu ude #x002e;tim #x002e;mula #x0040; uisanata http://www.waqwaq.info/atanasiu/ March 2010 If somebody ... (last changed by VladAtanasiu) 2010-03-27T15:59:17Z atanasiu TestTopic0 http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTopic0 body{ margin:0; padding:0; background: url(back.png); } #main{ text align: center; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 0px; width: 100 ... (last changed by LilianEschgarth) 2010-01-01T21:09:57Z LilianEschgarth MariaBalkSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/MariaBalkSandbox (last changed by MariaBalk) 2006-11-24T10:47:51Z balk blalala http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/blalala sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf sdf lkdjflksd GuenterHof 24 Oct 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) 2006-10-24T13:38:39Z gh TestTest http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/TestTest Font size test Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 Paragraph Main.cb 27 Jul 2006 (last changed by GuenterHof) 2006-10-21T11:04:21Z gh VictorKarnaukhovSandbox http://www.bernstein.oeaw.ac.at/twiki/bin/view/Sandbox/VictorKarnaukhovSandbox Some Topics To Be Discussed 1. Database structures: Will each database holder (KSBM, KB, Stuttgart, etc.) have one or two different databases for internal ... (last changed by VictorKarnaukhov) 2006-10-16T12:14:36Z karnaukhov

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Jan 2014 563 0 0 139 WebHome
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Sep 2012 38460 0 0 37270 WebHome
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Feb 2012 1325 1 0 526 WebNotify
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Jan 2012 1606 1 0 845 WebNotify
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Dec 2011 2465 0 0 922 WebNotify
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Nov 2011 1819 0 0 922 WebNotify
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Oct 2011 2728 0 0 1262 WebNotify
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Jun 2011 1524 2 0 394 WebNotify
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May 2011 2003 2 0 558 WebStatistics
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Apr 2011 1876 4 0 724 WebNotify
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Mar 2011 2144 5 0 806 WebNotify
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Feb 2011 2112 4 0 854 WebNotify
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Jan 2011 2292 7 0 1146 WebNotify
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Oct 2010 2550 13 0 1090 WebNotify
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Aug 2010 2794 1 0 1231 WebStatistics
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Jul 2010 1449 6 0 267 WebHome
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Jun 2010 2319 9 0 1114 WebStatistics
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Apr 2010 2178 1 0 1186 WebStatistics
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Mar 2010 1679 5 0 441 WebStatistics
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Feb 2010 1530 0 0 331 WebTopicCreator
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Jan 2010 3408 1 0 1788 WebStatistics
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Nov 2009 507 0 0  94 WebStatistics
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Oct 2009 1940 2 0 772 WebStatistics
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Aug 2009 1526 1 0 576 WebStatistics
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Jun 2009 1267 0 0 268 WebTopicCreator
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May 2009 1159 0 0 242 WebStatistics
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Apr 2009 1683 0 0 641 WebStatistics
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Mar 2009 2091 2 0 629 WebStatistics
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Jan 2009 2301 0 0 885 WebStatistics
254 WebTopicCreator
219 WebHome
139 WebAtom
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Dec 2008 2155 0 0 537 WebStatistics
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Nov 2008 1152 0 0 281 WebTopicCreator
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Feb 2008 700 0 0 167 WebTopicCreator
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sadfsDFSd dsfsdf sdaf

sdf

+++ lkdjflksd

-- GuenterHof - 24 Oct 2006

Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht?

Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden Texte sind verschieden. Ebenso sollte man als Kunde immer auch überlegen, wofür die Übersetzung benötigt wird und welche Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein müssen. Auf dem großen Markt für Übersetzungs- und Dolmetschdienstleistungen ist für Jeden etwas dabei. Sind Übersetzungen für den privaten Gebrauch bestimmt, achten die Kunden häufig eher auf den Preis und entscheiden danach, welches Büro sie beauftragen.

Bei Firmen kommt es neben dem Preis auch auf eine hohe Qualität an, denn häufig ist eine Übersetzung ein Aushängeschild der Firmen für ihre Kunden im Ausland. Bei der Auswahl eines Übersetzungsdienstleisters müssen als unterschiedliche Dinge beachtet werden und der Kunde sollte vorher gut überlegt haben, welche Kriterien ein Übersetzungsbüro zu erfüllen hat.

Wenn man sich als Kunde entschieden hat, dass Qualität an erster Stelle stehen sollte, dann ist unbedingt zu beachten, dass der Dienstleister über ein internes Kontrollsystem verfügt, denn jedem Übersetzer können Fehler unterlaufen. Die Übersetzer oder Dolmetscher sollten über eine entsprechende Ausbildung und Erfahrung verfügen. Da sich im Prinzip Jeder Übersetzer nennen darf, auch ohne eine entsprechende Qualifizierung, ist es schwer, die Unterschiede zu erkennen. Selbstverständlich gibt es Diplom-Übersetzer und –Dolmetscher mit einem Universitätsabschluss. Daneben sollte auch immer die Muttersprache und eine ausreichende Berufserfahrung eine Rolle spielen. Als Kunde sollte man sich im Internet auf der Homepage eines Unternehmens oder durch einen persönlichen Anruf ein eigenes Bild machen, denn das eigene gute Gefühl kann ebenso den Ausschlag für die Auswahl eines geeigneten Dienstleisters geben. Ist das Unternehmen professionell und kann man sich eine längere, vertrauensvolle geschäftliche Beziehung vorstellen?

In manchen Fällen kommt es bei einer Übersetzung Englisch Deutsch nicht auf die höchste Qualität an, sondern man benötigt lediglich für den internen Gebrauch eine günstig angefertigte Übersetzung. Dies sollte man als Kunden immer dazu sagen. Eine Korrektur durch einen zweiten qualifizierten Übersetzer schlägt sich immer in einem höheren Preis nieder. Mittlerweile ist der Markt jedoch so groß, dass für jeden Kunden und jeden Geldbeutel etwas dabei ist.

Mehr unter: Übersetzer | Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch | Übersetzungsbüro

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139 WebAtom
135 WebRss
 53 MariaBalkSandbox
 52 TestTest
 47 WebIndex
 44 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 43 WebLeftBar
 40 WebTopicList
 
Dec 2008 2155 0 0 537 WebStatistics
270 WebTopicCreator
218 WebHome
189 WebRss
182 WebAtom
 55 WebSearch
 55 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 51 TestTest
 51 MariaBalkSandbox
 49 GuenterHofSandbox
 48 WebIndex
 
Nov 2008 1152 0 0 281 WebTopicCreator
143 WebHome
 81 WebStatistics
 49 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 46 TestTest
 44 WebSearchAdvanced
 43 WebSearch
 41 WebIndex
 41 MariaBalkSandbox
 40 WebTopicList
 39 WebLeftBar
 
Oct 2008 1103 0 0 220 WebTopicCreator
122 WebHome
 60 WebStatistics
 54 WebSearch
 50 WebSearchAdvanced
 50 TestTest
 50 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 47 MariaBalkSandbox
 45 WebTopicList
 44 WebLeftBar
 41 WebIndex
 
Sep 2008 832 0 0 141 WebHome
131 WebTopicCreator
 50 WebStatistics
 39 WebSearch
 39 MariaBalkSandbox
 36 WebTopicList
 35 TestTest
 34 WebIndex
 34 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 32 WebSearchAdvanced
 30 GuenterHofSandbox
 
Aug 2008 783 0 0 148 WebTopicCreator
107 WebHome
 51 WebStatistics
 37 MariaBalkSandbox
 36 WebIndex
 34 TestTest
 32 WebSearch
 31 WebTopicList
 31 WebPreferences
 30 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 29 WebChanges
 
Jul 2008 1602 0 0 591 WebStatistics
208 WebTopicCreator
164 WebHome
 48 WebIndex
 46 TestTest
 42 WebSearch
 42 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 42 MariaBalkSandbox
 38 WebLeftBar
 37 WebTopicList
 36 WebPreferences
 
Jun 2008 1331 0 0 454 WebStatistics
176 WebTopicCreator
124 WebHome
 47 WebLeftBar
 44 TestTest
 38 WebIndex
 37 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 36 GuenterHofSandbox
 34 MariaBalkSandbox
 33 WebTopicList
 33 WebSearch
 
May 2008 875 0 0 169 WebTopicCreator
100 WebHome
 56 WebStatistics
 48 TestTest
 41 MariaBalkSandbox
 40 WebIndex
 37 WebSearch
 36 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 32 WebLeftBar
 31 WebTopicList
 30 GuenterHofSandbox
 
Apr 2008 809 0 0 190 WebTopicCreator
 97 WebHome
 38 WebIndex
 34 WebStatistics
 33 TestTest
 32 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 31 WebTopicList
 31 MariaBalkSandbox
 30 WebSearch
 29 WebSearchAdvanced
 29 WebLeftBar
 
Mar 2008 752 0 0 200 WebTopicCreator
 86 WebHome
 36 WebIndex
 32 WebStatistics
 31 TestTest
 29 WebTopicList
 25 WebLeftBar
 25 WebChanges
 23 MariaBalkSandbox
 22 WebSearch
 22 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 
Feb 2008 700 0 0 167 WebTopicCreator
 55 WebHome
 34 WebStatistics
 31 WebIndex
 29 WebTopicList
 27 TestTest
 26 WebSearch
 26 MariaBalkSandbox
 25 WebLeftBar
 23 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 21 GuenterHofSandbox
 
Jan 2008 708 0 0 161 WebTopicCreator
 67 WebHome
 38 WebStatistics
 34 WebTopicList
 31 TestTest
 31 MariaBalkSandbox
 30 WebSearch
 30 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 29 WebIndex
 27 WebLeftBar
 24 WebChanges
 
Dec 2007 1471 0 0 789 WebStatistics
144 WebTopicCreator
 67 WebHome
 33 TestTest
 32 GuenterHofSandbox
 31 WebTopicList
 31 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 30 WebIndex
 30 MariaBalkSandbox
 29 WebSearch
 29 WebChanges
 
Nov 2007 898 0 0 299 WebStatistics
140 WebTopicCreator
 56 WebHome
 30 WebPreferences
 29 WebLeftBar
 28 TestTest
 28 MariaBalkSandbox
 27 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 27 WebChanges
 21 WebSearch
 20 blalala?
 
Oct 2007 2341 0 0 1083 WebStatistics
175 WebTopicCreator
153 WebPreferences
120 WebHome
 69 TestTest
 62 WebSearch
 57 WebNotify
 47 WebChanges
 46 WebLeftBar
 41 MariaBalkSandbox
 34 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 
Sep 2007 6280 0 0 5642 WebStatistics
101 WebTopicCreator
 67 WebHome
 39 WebLeftBar
 33 TestTest
 31 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 31 WebChanges
 28 WebSearch
 23 WebSearchAdvanced
 23 WebIndex
 22 GuenterHofSandbox
 
Aug 2007 12176 0 0 11596 WebStatistics
113 WebTopicCreator
 46 WebHome
 33 WebPreferences
 27 TestTest
 27 WebLeftBar
 25 WebRss
 24 WebSearchAdvanced
 24 WebSearch
 24 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 24 WebChanges
 
Jul 2007 5146 0 0 4271 WebStatistics
136 WebPreferences
124 WebTopicCreator
 66 WebHome
 39 WebNotify
 37 TestTest
 32 WebTopicList
 31 WebSearch
 28 WebIndex
 28 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 28 WebLeftBar
 
Jun 2007 2733 0 0 1458 WebStatistics
206 WebTopicCreator
204 WebPreferences
 87 WebHome
 51 WebNotify
 47 TestTest
 43 WebLeftBar
 41 WebSearch
 37 WebTopicList
 33 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 29 WebSearchAdvanced
 
May 2007 3150 0 0 2337 WebStatistics
119 WebTopicCreator
 99 WebHome
 78 WebPreferences
 37 WebSearch
 35 TestTest
 34 WebTopicList
 33 WebNotify
 31 WebIndex
 31 WebAtom
 30 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 
Apr 2007 1540 0 0 715 WebStatistics
163 WebTopicCreator
 84 WebHome
 51 WebPreferences
 42 TestTest
 42 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 39 MariaBalkSandbox
 36 WebSearch
 33 WebSearchAdvanced
 32 blalala?
 30 GuenterHofSandbox
 
Mar 2007 1855 0 0 879 WebStatistics
159 WebTopicCreator
140 WebPreferences
 86 WebHome
 85 WebChanges
 42 TestTest
 38 WebSearch
 38 MariaBalkSandbox
 35 WebNotify
 34 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 34 WebLeftBar
 
Feb 2007 1037 0 0 466 WebStatistics
152 WebTopicCreator
 37 WebPreferences
 34 WebHome
 30 WebNotify
 27 WebTopicList
 23 WebSearch
 19 WebIndex
 19 WebAtom
 18 WebSearchAdvanced
 17 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 
Jan 2007 960 0 0 327 WebStatistics
185 WebTopicCreator
 50 WebPreferences
 43 WebHome
 31 TestTest
 29 WebTopicList
 29 WebSearch
 27 WebNotify
 21 WebIndex
 18 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 18 WebLeftBar
 
Dec 2006 822 0 0 320 WebStatistics
130 WebTopicCreator
 57 WebHome
 26 WebNotify
 23 WebSearch
 23 WebLeftBar
 20 WebTopicList
 20 TestTest
 18 WebPreferences
 16 WebIndex
 16 MariaBalkSandbox
 
Nov 2006 1101 1 0 549 WebStatistics
125 WebTopicCreator
 60 WebHome
 50 WebPreferences
 26 TestTest
 25 WebSearch
 24 WebNotify
 23 WebIndex
 19 WebLeftBar
 18 WebChanges
 17 WebTopicList
  1 MariaBalk
Oct 2006 66 3 0  23 VictorKarnaukhovSandbox
 22 WebHome
  6 WebSearch
  4 TestTest
  4 blalala?
  3 GuenterHofSandbox
  2 WebTopicList
  1 WebLeftBar
  1 WebChanges
  2 GuenterHof
  1 VictorKarnaukhov
Sep 2006 49 7 6  18 WebHome
 17 TestTest
  6 WebLeftBar
  3 WebStatistics
  3 GuenterHofSandbox
  1 WebTopicList
  1 WebSearch
  9 VladAtanasiu
  4 ChristianBalluch
Aug 2006 16 1 0  13 WebHome
  2 WebTopicCreator
  1 GuenterHofSandbox
  1 GuenterHof

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-- GuenterHof - 24 Oct 2006

Was gibt es zu beachten, wenn man einen Übersetzungsdienstleister sucht?

Übersetzung ist nicht gleich Übersetzung. Sowohl die Kunden als auch die Art der zu übersetzenden Texte sind verschieden. Ebenso sollte man als Kunde immer auch überlegen, wofür die Übersetzung benötigt wird und welche Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein müssen. Auf dem großen Markt für Übersetzungs- und Dolmetschdienstleistungen ist für Jeden etwas dabei. Sind Übersetzungen für den privaten Gebrauch bestimmt, achten die Kunden häufig eher auf den Preis und entscheiden danach, welches Büro sie beauftragen.

Bei Firmen kommt es neben dem Preis auch auf eine hohe Qualität an, denn häufig ist eine Übersetzung ein Aushängeschild der Firmen für ihre Kunden im Ausland. Bei der Auswahl eines Übersetzungsdienstleisters müssen als unterschiedliche Dinge beachtet werden und der Kunde sollte vorher gut überlegt haben, welche Kriterien ein Übersetzungsbüro zu erfüllen hat.

Wenn man sich als Kunde entschieden hat, dass Qualität an erster Stelle stehen sollte, dann ist unbedingt zu beachten, dass der Dienstleister über ein internes Kontrollsystem verfügt, denn jedem Übersetzer können Fehler unterlaufen. Die Übersetzer oder Dolmetscher sollten über eine entsprechende Ausbildung und Erfahrung verfügen. Da sich im Prinzip Jeder Übersetzer nennen darf, auch ohne eine entsprechende Qualifizierung, ist es schwer, die Unterschiede zu erkennen. Selbstverständlich gibt es Diplom-Übersetzer und –Dolmetscher mit einem Universitätsabschluss. Daneben sollte auch immer die Muttersprache und eine ausreichende Berufserfahrung eine Rolle spielen. Als Kunde sollte man sich im Internet auf der Homepage eines Unternehmens oder durch einen persönlichen Anruf ein eigenes Bild machen, denn das eigene gute Gefühl kann ebenso den Ausschlag für die Auswahl eines geeigneten Dienstleisters geben. Ist das Unternehmen professionell und kann man sich eine längere, vertrauensvolle geschäftliche Beziehung vorstellen?

In manchen Fällen kommt es bei einer Übersetzung Englisch Deutsch nicht auf die höchste Qualität an, sondern man benötigt lediglich für den internen Gebrauch eine günstig angefertigte Übersetzung. Dies sollte man als Kunden immer dazu sagen. Eine Korrektur durch einen zweiten qualifizierten Übersetzer schlägt sich immer in einem höheren Preis nieder. Mittlerweile ist der Markt jedoch so groß, dass für jeden Kunden und jeden Geldbeutel etwas dabei ist.

Mehr unter: Übersetzer | Übersetzung Deutsch Englisch | Übersetzungsbüro

Number of topics: 25

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